Introduction to Java and its features
Java is a general-purpose, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is intended to let application developers "write once, run anywhere" (WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need for recompilation. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture.
Java is a popular programming language, used for developing web, mobile, and desktop applications. It is used for developing applications for multiple platforms, including Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX. Java is object-oriented and can be used to create complex applications. It is a secure programming language and provides robust security. Java is a high-level programming language, which means that it is easier to read and write than lower-level languages such as machine code. Java is platform-independent, meaning that it can be run on any system that has a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). This makes Java applications portable and helps to keep the cost of development down. Java also supports multithreading, which allows multiple tasks to be executed concurrently. This makes it easier to create applications that have complex logic and are capable of running multiple tasks at once. Java has a large set of libraries and tools that make development easier. The Java API (Application Programming Interface) provides access to many useful classes and methods to help developers quickly build applications. Additionally, Java has a large community of developers who have created a wide range of open-source libraries and tools for use in Java applications..png)
PROGRAMS
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1: Introduction to Object Oriented Programming and
Installation of JDK. Write a program to print a message
”Hello World...”.
Theory: JDK Installation Instructions
for Windows
You run a self-installing
executable file to unpack and install the JDK on Windows computers.
Install JDK on Windows
computers by performing the actions described in the following topics:
·
Downloading the JDK Installer
·
Installing the JDK from the JDK .exe Installer
·
Installing the JDK from the MSI Enterprise Installer
Downloading
the JDK Installer
Access the Java SE Downloads
page and click Accept License Agreement. Under the Download menu,
click the Download link that corresponds to the .exe for
your version of Windows.
Download the file jdk-18.interim.update.patch_windows-x64_bin.exe.
Note:
Verify the successful
completion of file download by comparing the file size on the download page and
your local drive. Alternatively, you can ensure that the downloaded file's
checksum matches the one provided on the Java SE Downloads page.
Installing the
JDK from the JDK .exe Installer
You must have administrator
privilege to install the JDK on Microsoft Windows.
To run the JDK installer:
1.
Start
the JDK 18 installer by double-clicking the installer's icon or file name in
the download location.
2.
Follow
the instructions provided by the installer.
3.
After
the installation is complete, delete the downloaded file to recover the disk
space.
Alternatively, you can run
these executables directly from the JDK's bin
directory.
Installing the
JDK from the MSI Enterprise Installer
The JDK MSI Enterprise Installer is packaged as a .msi installer and runs with minimal dialogs. It supports silent installation of the JDK and is customizable using command line parameters.
You must have
administrative permissions install JDK 18.
1.
Download jdk-18_windows-x64_bin.msi.
2.
Double
click the .msi file to run the installer.
Installing
the JDK from the Command Line
You can install the JDK by
downloading the appropriate Oracle JDK MSI Enterprise Installer for your system
and running it from the command line.
3.
Download jdk-18_windows-x64_bin.msi.
4.
Open
an MS-DOS prompt with Administrative permissions.
5.
Run
one of the following commands depending on the type of installation that you
want to perform:
o Basic UI mode:Copymsiexec.exe /i installer.msi
o Silent mode:Copymsiexec.exe installer.msi
/qn
Creating a
Log File
You can use a log file to
verify that an installation succeeded.
To create a log file
describing the installation, append /L C:\path\setup.log to the install command and scroll to the end of the log
file to verify.
The following is an example
of creating a log file:
Copymsiexec.exe /i installer.msi
/L C:\path\setup.log
In this example, the log is
written to the C:\path\setup.log file.
Installing the
JDK Silently
Instead of double-clicking
or opening the JDK installer, you can perform a silent, non interactive, JDK
installation by using command-line arguments.
Install JDK in silent mode
using the command:Copyjdk.exe /s
Beginning to Use the JDK
Use the Java Development
Kit in the Windows Start menu to access information related to
Reference Documentation.
During JDK installation,
Java menu items are added to the Windows Start menu to provide easy
access to Reference Documentation, which is online documentation web page.
During JDK installation and
uninstallation processes, the appropriate start menu items are updated so that
they are associated with the latest JDK version on the system
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2: Develop a program to explain use of Operators in Java
Theory:-
Operators are special symbols in Java that perform specific operations on one, two, or three operands and produce a result. Java has a wide range of operators to perform various operations. 1. Arithmetic Operators: These operators are used to perform arithmetic operations on two operands. Java arithmetic operators include addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/), modulus (%) and increment (++). 2. Relational Operators: These operators are used to compare two operands and return true or false depending on the result of the comparison. Java relational operators include equal to (==), not equal to (!=), greater than (>), less than (<), greater than or equal to (>=) and less than or equal to (<=). 3. Logical Operators: These operators are used to perform logical operations on two or more boolean values and return true or false depending on the result of the operation. Java logical operators include AND (&&), OR (||) and NOT (!). 4. Bitwise Operators: These operators are used to perform bitwise operations on two operands. Java bitwise operators include AND (&), OR (|), XOR (^), NOT (~), left shift (<<
Code:
class operator
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int a = 122, b = 105;
System.out.println("a + b = " + (a + b));
System.out.println("a - b = " + (a - b));
System.out.println("a * b = " + (a * b));
System.out.println("a / b = " + (a / b));
System.out.println("a % b = " + (a % b));
if(a>b)
System.out.println("a is greater");
if(a<b)
System.out.println("b is greater");
int x=47, y=105;
System.out.println("value of x|y is=" + (x | y));
System.out.println("value of x&y is=" + (x & y));
System.out.println("value of x^y is=" + (x ^ y));
}
}
Output:
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3 : Develop a Program to study and implements Looping Statements belonging to Java.
Theory:
1. Identify the types of looping statements available in Java: Java has four main types of looping statements, including for loop, while loop, do-while loop, and enhanced for loop.
Code:-
class for_whileloop
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
System.out.println("for
loop");
int i = 1;
while (i < 6) {
System.out.println("while
loop");
i++;
}
int j=1;
do
{
System.out.println("do while
loop");
j++;
}while(j < 6);
}
}
Output:
4 : Develop a Program to study and implements Statements belonging to Java.
Theory:
This theory proposes a program to study and implement statements belonging to Java. The program will use a compilation-based approach to analyzing and understanding the syntax and semantics of Java statements. The program will first parse the Java statements into a parse tree and then analyze each component of the tree for its syntax and semantics. The program will then generate an optimized intermediate representation (IR) for the Java statements. Finally, the program will generate code for the Java statements that is optimized for execution on the target platform. The program will also take into account any optimizations that the user has specified. By applying the principles of compilation, the program will be able to generate code that is optimized for both performance and memory usage.
Code:
class mypg4
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
int x=7425;
int y=2797;
int z=3949;
if(x>y && x>z)
{
System.out.println("x = " +x+ "is biggest");
}
else if (y>x && y>z)
{
System.out.println("y = " +y+ "is biggest");
}
else
{
System.out.println("z = " +z+ "is biggest");
}
}
}
Output:
5: Develop a program to demonstrate the concept of
Class, Method and Object.
Theory:
Class: A class is a template or blueprint that is used to create objects. It serves as a foundation for objects and can be used to define the properties, characteristics, and behaviors of a particular type of object.
Method: A method is a block of code that can be used to perform a specific task. Methods are associated with classes and can be used to define the functionality of an object. Object: An object is an instance of a class and can be used to store data and perform operations. Objects are created from classes and can contain data such as variables and methods.Code:
class pr_6
{
int a=25;
void sum_d()
{
int sum;
sum=a+a;
System.out.println("the
sum of number a is " + sum);
}
public static
void main(String args[])
{
pr_6 o1=new
pr_6();
o1.sum_d();
}
}
OUTPUT:-
6: Develop a program to study and implement
the concept of method overloading.
Theory :
1. Create a class with multiple methods with the same name but different parameter types and number of parameters. 2. In the main method, call the overloaded methods with different parameters. 3. Use the if-else statement to identify the parameters’ type and number of parameters. 4. Based on the parameters’ type and number of parameters, call the appropriate method. 5. For each method, use the appropriate logic to perform the desired operations. 6. After the operations are done, print out the result. 7. Repeat the process until the program terminates.
Code:
class
method_overload
{
int
length,breadth,side;
void area(int
l,int b)
{
int Area;
length=l;
breadth=b;
Area=l*b;
System.out.println("area
of rectangle is "+Area);
}
void area(int s)
{
int area_;
side=s;
area_=s*s;
System.out.println("area
of square is "+area_);
}
public static
void main(String args[])
{
method_overload O1=new method_overload();
O1.area(15,23);
O1.area(69);
}
}
Output:
7 : Develop a program to and implement concept of
Constructor in Java.
Theory :
Constructors are special methods in Java that are used to initialize objects. They are invoked when an object is created and are used to set the initial state of an object. Constructors typically have the same name as the class in which they are defined and take in parameters that are used to set the initial state of the object.
Implementation: To implement the concept of constructors in Java, the following steps should be followed: 1. Declare a class in which the constructor will be defined. 2. Include a constructor method with the same name as the class and define the parameters that will be used to set the initial state of the object. 3. Invoke the constructor when an object is created, passing in the necessary parameters. 4. Set the initial state of the object with the values of the parameters passed in. 5. Use appropriate access modifiers to control how the constructor is accessed.Code:
class A_area
{
int length,
breadth, area;
A_area()
{
length=55;
breadth=24;
}
void area()
{
area=length*breadth;
System.out.println("area
is " + area);
}
public static
void main(String args[])
{
A_area a=new
A_area();
a.area();
}
}
Output:
9: Develop a program to study and implement concept of Array in Java.
Theory : 1. Arrays in Java can be defined as a collection of similar data type elements. 2. Array elements are accessed using zero-based indexing. 3. Arrays can be declared in two ways: a. Declaring an array of a specific size b. Declaring an array without specifying its size 4. Arrays can be multidimensional, with elements of each array indexed by multiple indices. 5. Java provides a number of built-in methods for working with arrays. 6. Arrays can be passed as parameters to methods. 7. Arrays can be sorted using the Arrays.sort() method. 8. Arrays can be searched using the Arrays.binarySearch() method. 9. The length of an array can be determined using the arrayname.length attribute. 10. The Arrays class contains a number of static methods for manipulating arrays. 11. Array elements can be accessed using the arrayname[index] notation. 12. Array elements can be assigned values using the arrayname[index] = value notation.
Code: class Array { public static void main(String args[ ]) { int A[ ]={4,5,8,189,219,215,6,123,4,89,8911,1444}; int n,i,j,temp; n = A.length; for(i=0;i<n;i++) { for(j=1+i;j<n;j++) { if(A[ i ]>A[ j ]) { temp=A[ i ]; A[ i ]=A[ j ]; A[ j ]=temp; } } } for(i=0;i<n;i++) { System.out.println(""+A[ i ]); } } }
Output:-
